麦当劳砍掉沙拉,沙拉连锁却在长大
English summary available ↓
Talking with an American F&B investor, we got onto McDonald's decision to stop selling salads. Salads need a fresh supply chain and have a short shelf life, so they are hard to scale, while high-sugar, high-salt fast food is easy to standardise and fits the SCATT logic of sugar, caffeine, alcohol, tea and tobacco, whose addictive pull supports huge markets. Fast food, coffee and bubble tea can grow to tens of thousands of outlets; health-focused salad brands often stall at 20 to 30. Yet the market seems to be shifting. Sweetgreen has opened 130 stores and is worth US$2.6 billion, and Just Salad recently raised US$200 million at a US$1 billion valuation. Consumers are more health-conscious and willing to pay a premium for lighter food. Supply chains are also improving: McDonald's scale came from industrialised frozen food and efficient logistics, while fresh produce has been the bottleneck, but Sweetgreen works with some 200 local farms and uses information systems to track seed to table. And segmentation matters: McDonald's focuses on its fast-food core while health brands serve light-meal and fitness needs. Brands can't try to do everything. Still, even Sweetgreen isn't yet profitable, and whether these chains can break the fresh supply-chain limit and grow profitably at fast-food scale remains to be seen.
Read full English version →前阵子与一位美国 F&B 投资者交流时,聊到麦当劳去年全面停售沙拉(salad)产品的决定。主要原因在于沙拉需要生鲜供应链支持,食物保质期短,难以规模化运营。相较之下,高糖、高盐的快餐食品更容易标准化、低成本生产,并且符合 SCATT(Sugar, Caffeine, Alcohol, Tea, Tobacco)投资逻辑——这些品类因成瘾性而具有庞大的市场潜力。例如,快餐、咖啡、奶茶等业态能快速扩张至上万家门店,而以健康为卖点的沙拉品牌往往在 20-30 家门店就遭遇瓶颈。
然而近期市场似乎在发生变化。
Sweetgreen——一家美国沙拉连锁已经开设 130 家门店,市值达到 26 亿美元;Just Salad 近期融资 2 亿美元,估值达到 10 亿美元。几点观察:
消费者习惯的变化
过去几十年,消费者一直被快餐文化塑造,养成了偏好高糖高盐食品的饮食习惯。但近年来,人们越来越关注健康,养生理念盛行,愿意为轻食和健康食品支付溢价。与此同时,快餐行业在成本控制上的竞争加剧,使得不健康食品变得越来越便宜,而健康食品的市场空间也在扩大。
产业基础建设的完善
麦当劳能够成功的一个关键因素在于其食品供应链的工业化。通过大规模冷冻食品工厂生产,再通过高效物流配送体系支持全球门店扩张,使其快餐产品标准化、低成本、易复制。
相比之下,生鲜食品的供应链一直是轻食品牌扩张的瓶颈。蔬菜保质期短,物流成本高,使得连锁扩张难度大。然而,随着技术进步,这一难题正在逐步被攻克。例如,Sweetgreen 采用了不同于传统快餐的生产模式,而是与当地 200 家菜园合作,结合信息管理技术,实现“Seed to Table”的供应链追踪,使得门店扩张速度得以提升。
细分市场策略
麦当劳砍掉沙拉产品,专注于核心快餐市场,而健康餐饮品牌则聚焦于轻食、健身等细分需求。这也证明,在当前市场竞争中,品牌不能试图“什么都做”,而是应该专注于自身的核心优势,精准服务特定人群,这样才能建立稳定的市场定位。
未来仍存挑战
尽管健康餐饮市场正在成长,但即便是行业龙头 Sweetgreen,至今仍未实现盈利。其未来发展仍然有待观察。
健康轻食连锁的市场正在扩大,消费需求也在增长,供应链基础设施也在不断完善,但行业仍然面临盈利模式的挑战。未来,这些品牌是否能突破生鲜供应链的限制,实现像快餐一样的大规模盈利增长,还有待时间验证。